Question 10. Since the extent of variations is much larger in sexually reproducing organisms, therefore, the chances of evolution is also much in sexually reproducing These variations enable the organisms to adapt themselves to the changing conditions and also help to face the struggle for Over the time, they and rise to new species. Conclusion: This study leaded to the formulation of two laws: CBSE Maths notes, CBSE physics notes, CBSE chemistry notes. Difference between Acquired traits and Inherited traits Males have one X and one Y- chromosome. . On the basis of above observations with other angiosperms also, can the scientist arrive at a law? How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival ? With the help of an example justify the following statement: (2014; 2016 OD) The geographical isolation leads to reproductive isolation and the individuals with a particular trait may increase in population. it has wings like bird, but teeth and tail like the reptilians. Sample Question Paper. Do you agree with this statement ? 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Intext questions and exercises question answers are given below in English and Hindi Medium updated for academic session 2020-21. 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(2011 D) For example: The wings of an insect and a bird have different structures but they perform the same function of flying. (d) I, II and III In human males all the chromosomes are paired perfectly except one. From this Mendel concluded that the F1 generation showed the traits of only one of the parent plants: tallness being the dominant trait. DNA. This inheritance provides both a common basic body design & subtle changes in it for next generation. Why are human beings who look so different from each other in terms of size, colour and looks said to belong to the same species ? Super Easy Way to Learn Heredity and Evolution- 2 | CBSE Class 10 Biology | NCERT | Vedantu Class 10 - Duration: 41:15. (b) If flowers of F1 plants are self-pollinated Why or why not ? This indicates that traits are inherited independently. Answer: The geographical isolation leads to reproductive isolation due to which there is no flow of genes between separated groups of pupulation. Question 7. Birds have a four-chambered heart, which is also a feature of sonw reptiles. A basic event in reproduction is the creation of a DNA copy. A cross was carried out between a pure bred tall pea plant and a pure bred dwarf pea plant and F1 progeny was obtained. Half of the male gametes (sperms) carry X chromosome and other half carry Y chromosomes. (b) Give one example of an evolutionary change produced in an organism for one purpose which later on becomes more useful for a different function. Hence, the information is incomplete to draw any such conclusion. When a living object dies and forms fossil, its carbon-14 radioactivity goes on decreasing gradually. An experiment conducted by Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey in 1953 proved that origin of life takes place from inanimate matter. When a sperm carrying X- chromosome fertilises an egg, the zygote develops into female (XX condition). Answer: (b) Give an example where environmental factors like temperature determines the sex of the offspring. Answer: All NCERT textbook questions have been solved by our expert teachers. (c) reptiles and birds Conclusion. Organs may be adapted to new functions during the course of evolution, e.g., feathers are thought to have evolved for warmth and later adapted for flight. In sexual reproduction, though the genetic material DNA (in the form of chromosomes) from two gametes, male and female gametes, combines together to form a new cell ‘zygote’ but the amount of DNA (the number of chromosomes) in the zygote does not get doubled because gametes are the special type of cells called reproductive cells which contain only half the amount of DNA (or half the number of chromosomes) as compared to the normal body cells of an organism. (i) the mechanism by which variations are created and inherited and Students can refer these Heredity […] (d) Each chromosome has only one gene. Answer: They also tell about the extent of evolution that has taken place. Wings of a bird and wings of a bat are homologous organs because they have similar basic design. Question 8. However, in the F2 progeny both traits round seed and wrinkled seed were obtained in the ratio 3 : 1 respectively. In evolutionary terms, we have more in common with : (c) a spider what is the effect of DNA copying, which is not perfectly accurate, on the reproduction process? Secondary School. Her behavior ensures the reproductive isolation between them and thus results in generation of new’ species. (a) Mendel in one of his experiments with pea plants crossed a variety having round seeds with one having wrinkled seeds. (i) Homologous organs. Sex of an individual is genetically determined for e.g. (2011 D; 2015 OD) For example, the estimation of age of dinosaur fossils have told that they first appeared on earth about 250 million years ago and became extinct about 65 million years ago. Evolution and classification are interlinked with each other in many ways. (c) State the expected ratio of the genotypes BB and Bb in the F2 progeny. (2012 OD) Answer: A basic event in reproduction is the creation of a DNA copy. Distinguish between homologous organs and analogous organs. When the gametes from male and female parents fuse with each other during sexual reproduction, the normal complement is restored. Question 24. The progeny all bore violet flowers, but almost half of them were short. Genetic drift accumulates different changes in sub-populations of a species. (2012 OD, 2013 D, 2015 D, 2016 D) However, in the F2 generation, both tall and short plants were obtained in the ratio 3 :1 respectively. The entire NCERT textbook questions have been solved by best teachers for you. On this basis, can we say anything about whether the light eye colour trait is dominant or recessive? (b) List any two contrasting characters other than height that Mendel used in his experiments in pea plants. Genotype ratio of BB and BW in F2 progeny is BB : BW : 1 : 2. Answer: (d) movement of individuals from one habitat to another Define the term ‘evolution’. Answer: 2. No dwarf pea plants were obtained in the first generation of progeny. Thus, we can say that most of the variations lead to better adaptation of an organism to the changing environment. Study Material and Notes of Ch 9 Heredity and Evolution Class 10th Science (b) Paralogous organs Answer: Question 15. A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Answer: (a) What do the plants of F1 generation look like? Similarity in these organs is superficial and the design and structure of these organs is very different. Students can practice free MCQs as have been added by CBSE in the new Exam pattern. Explain with the help of suitable examples why certain traits cannot be passed on to the next generation? (c) wrinkled and green During reproduction, no chemical reaction is absolutely reliable so the process of copying the DNA will hare some variations each time. (2014 OD) When two DNA … It causes the variations in the population. Give an example of characteristics being used to determine how close two species am in evolutionary terms ? No, because pollination occurs on the same plant in self-pollinating plant species. Classification of organisms is based on relative similarities and differences in their internal and external structures. Outline a project which alms to find the dominant coat colour in dogs. Justify this statement. Answer: Question 10. Why or why not ? Question 6. Question 1. The more characteristics the two species will have in common, the more closely they are related. Thus genes are actually units of heredity which transfer characteristics from parents to their offsprings during reproduction. This will clear students doubts about any question and improve application skills while preparing for board exams. Various stages of evolution: Question 10. Both the father and mother contribute practically equal amount of genetic material to the child. Carbon dating. Yellow colour and round shape is dominant over green colour and wrinkled shape. (d) All of these (b) accumulation of variations over several generations. And the more closely they are related, the more recently they will have had a common ancestor. Methods to determine the age of fossils: (b) A gene does not code for proteins. Haldane at first in 1929 suggested that life is originated from inanimate matter. Answer: • Fertilized egg or zygote carries hereditary information. Environment: for e.g. What evidence do we have for the origin of life from inanimate matter ? The resultant cell zygote produces by the fusion of male and female gametes have two sets of chromosomes – each set contributed’ by each parent. Question 13. (2013 D) [AICBSE 2016] (2012 OD) (a) New species may be formed if the DNA changes are severe enough, such as a change in the number of chromosome. Question 3. The progeny all bore violet flowers, but almost half of them were short. The natural environment also changes, and variations in species which become suited to the environment help it to survive. Knowledge 10 10 25 2. Suppose a black homozygous male is mated with a white homozygous female. Can we group eyes of these animals together to establish a common evolutionary origin? All the female gametes carry only X chromosomes. Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes which take place in the primitive organisms over millions of years in which new species are produced. (a) are generated by artificial selection from wild cabbage. Few evidences which help us to trace evolutionary Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes which take place in the primitive organisms over millions of years in which new species are produced. Also working on NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 9 will give you a strong foundation on the competitive exams like JEE, NEET, UPSC, etc., Read on to find out everything about NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution . Here, one is a normal-sized X-chromosome while other is a short Y-chromosome. Why are human beings who look so different from each other in terms of size, colour and looks said to belong to the same species ? Class 10 Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution – MCQs. Define homologous and analogous organs. How are fossils formed? So when a male gamete (having half number of chromosomes of the organism) combines with a female gamete (which also contain half the number of chromosomes) during sexual reproduction, then the new cell zygote will have the normal amount of DNA or normal number of chromosomes in it. Can the wing of butterfly and the wing of a bat be considered homologous organs ? (c) size of body State the importance of chromosomal difference between sperms and eggs of humans. 10:00 AM to 7:00 PM IST all days. This is necessary to produce organisms which are similar to their parents. If black colour is dominant out of every 4 dogs, 3 will be black and if white colour is dominant 3 out of 4 dogs will be white. Evolution is simply the generation of diversity & shaping of diversity by environmental selection. The presence of homologous organs in different animals provides evidence for evolution that they are derived from the same ancestor who has the basic design of the organ on which all the homologous organs are based. The more characteristics two species will have in common, the more closely they are related. Answer: Question 7. (b) Change in genetic composition results in variation. Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 9 Important Questions with Answers Heredity and Evolution. Different ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population are as follow : Question 2. Question 9. You can also get free sample papers, Notes, Important Questions. (d) None of these Question 1. (2015 OD) Fit individuals (i.e., favourable trait) survive and reproduce. It helps in revising the important topics related to the chapter. Complex organs like eyes are created bit by bit over generations through the changes in the DNA sequences. simplest life forms; bacteria inhabits the most inhospitable habitats like hot springs, deep-sea thermal vents & ice in Antarctica. For example, a fossil bird called archaeopteryx that looked like a bird had many other features of reptiles. Answer: Answer: More closer the characteristics, the moe doser is the evolution and chances to be in the same group of classification. Why or why not ? Question 7. He conducted cross hybridization experiments of garden pea plant (Pisum sativum) and studied the transmission of characters that had two contrasting traits such as round/wrinkled seeds, tall/short plants, white/’violet flowers etc. (d) Variation is minimum in asexual reproduction. (a) The eyes seen in planaria, insects, octopus and vertebrates vary greatly in their structure. Answer: Question 1. Question 5. Answer: (a) In Mendel’s experiment with pea plants, when he crossbred a round seed plant with a wrinkled seed plant, he found that the first generation (F1) was only round seed plants. Also, low weight parents may have heavy weight progeny. From the list given below, select the character, which can be acquired but not inherited. Answer: This set of questions contains all the possible concepts which could be asked in the examination Q.1 Explain Heredity? (a) Genes are specific sequence of bases in a DNA molecule. According to the evolutionary theory, formation of a new species is generally due to [NCERT Exemplar] CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter-9 Heredity and Evolution Important Questions – Free PDF Download. Download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution (Link of Pdf file is given below at the end of the Questions List) In this pdf file you can see answers of following Questions NCERT Solutions Intext Questions Page No.143. The geographical isolation cannot be major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species because it does not have to look the plants for its process of reproduction to be carried out. Then by self pollination of F1 tall plants, he produced second generation (F2) consisting of tall and short plants in the ratio of 3 : 1. Question 21. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [1 Mark each]. ... 1 Verified Answer | Published on 07th 09, 2020. Heredity and Evolution is an important chapter that covers the concepts of heredity, sexual reproduction, how evolution takes place, etc. In sexual reproduction variations may occur due to errors in DNA copying. Free PDF download of Important Questions with Answers for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 9 – Heredity and Evolution prepared by expert Science teachers from latest edition of CBSE(NCERT) books only by CoolGyan to score more marks in CBSE board examination. (2016 OD) All NCERT textbook questions have been solved by our expert teachers. The process by which new species develop from the existing species by evolution or any genetic modification of previous species is known as speciation. Why or why not ? (2011 D) Question 9. The earliest members of the human species, Homo sapiens, can be traced back to Africa i.e. If a trait A exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B exists in 60% of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier?Solution:Trait B appears to own arisen earlier because it is gift in larger fraction of the population. Answer: “The sex of a newborn child is a matter of chance and none of the parents may be considered responsible for it.” Justify this statement with the help of a flow chart showing determination of sex of a newborn. A male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. A process in which a DNA molecule produces two similar copies of itself in a reproducing cell through chemical reaction is called DNA copying. (2013 D, 2014 OD) (2011 OD) Answer: Examples: Forelimbs of frog and forelimbs of human. Question 1. Answer: Answer: CBSE Class 10 Science Book Chapter 9 “Heredity and Evolution” Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers. (b) TTww Answer: Most of the experiments for inheritance are usually started with pure breeding lines. “The sex of a newborn child is a matter of chance and none of the parents may be considered responsible for it.” Justify this statement with the help of a flow chart showing determination of sex of a newborn. humans. Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species ? However, all of them perform the same function, that is, vision. Therefore Archaeopteryx is a connecting link between the reptiles and birds and hence suggests that the birds have evolved from the reptiles. (a) Mendel first crossed pure-bred tall pea plants with pure-bred dwarf pea plants and found that only tall pea plants were produced in the first generation or F1 generation. Why are the small numbers of surviving tigers a cause of worry from the point of view of genetics ? The students should practice these Question Model Question Paper 9. This is known as Law of Segregation (separation) of traits. Study of heredity is termed as Genetics. Question 3. Download free PDF of best NCERT Solutions , Class 10, Biology, CBSE- Heredity and Evolution . [NCERT Exemplar] Inference: The tall/short trait and the round seed/wrinkled seed trait are independently inherited. 4. (c) The genetics is the study of heredity and variations and includes their occurrence, causes, benefits, disadvantages, significance, etc. Inference: This indicates that both the tallness & shortness traits were inherited in the F, plants, but only the tallness trait was expressed. How many pairs of chromosomes are present in human beings? we all come from Africa. [CBSE (Delhi) 2013] If we cross pure-bred tall (dominant) pea plant with pure-bred dwarf (recessive) pea plant we will get pea plants of F1 generation. Answer: Complex organs may have evolved because of the survival advantages of the intermediate stage. For e.g. Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually ? Women have a perfect pair of sex chromosomes, both called X. (d) TtWw Similarities among organisms will allow us to group them and study the groups and classify them. This is because although genetic make up of humans may be slightly different in different races of people, there is no reproductive isolation. The above cross shows round and yellow seeds in F1 generation. Answer: Answer: (2016 Delhi) What is gene? “Evolution cannot be equated with progress.” Justify this statement. Charles Robert Darwin gave the theory of evolution in his famous book “The Origin of Species”. Each germ cell must have only one gene set. (2011 OD, 2013 D) 48 docs 6 tests. This is because the cut tail of mice is an acquired trait which is never passed on to their progeny. Question 5. Give reason to justify your answer. In the F1 progeny, no short plants were obtained. State two methods of determining the age of fossils. (a) The plants of F1 generation are all Tall. Transmission of characters from parents to offspring’s is known as heredity. Answer: As species are asexually reproducing, there would be only very minor differences generated due to small inaccuracies in DNA copying, so trait B, which exists in 60% of the same population may get inherited earlier while trait A, which exists in 10% of the population may be originated late due to variations. Observation: F1 generation pea plants crossed a variety having round seeds with example... 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