Readings below 0.2 mg of Ni kg−1 were considered as not detectable and so not used for calculations. Effects on leaf photosynthesis due to fertilization with 0.0 mg of Ni kg−1 (−Ni) and 0.5 mg of Ni kg−1 (+Ni) in 15 soybean genotypes and two near-isogenic lines (NILs), Eu3 and eu3-a, cultivated in (A–E) greenhouse condition and (F–J) field condition. Jack bean urease (EC 3.5.1.5). Plant Physiol. Next, assuming that a grain containing ~3 mg of Ni kg−1 in dry weight—the highest concentration of Ni in grains in this study—is used for assessing the risk of Ni ingestion via food chain, then a child needs to ingest >100 g of soybean grains (dry weight) per day in order to overcome a risk coefficient of 1. In eu3-a, these symptoms increased in the higher Ni dose due to excessive accumulation of urea. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.027. (2016) demonstrated that Ni fertilization induces yield gains, while Kutman et al. Magnesium is important to calcium and potassium homeostasis. (2007), the daily intake of in natura soybean grains is 2.5 ± 4.9 g (n = 708). Explor. BMJ 335, 194–194. Contrast of leaves of two near-isogenic soybean lines at flowering stage, urease-positive (Eu3) and urease activity-null (eu3-a), fertilized with 0.0 mg of Ni kg−1 (−Ni) and 0.5 mg of Ni kg−1 (+Ni). (2014). Annu. Group D (Figure 4), with no response in N metabolism to Ni supply, comprised the eu3-a—urease activity-null. If a soil test reveals that your soil is nickel deficient you should ensure your soil's pH is around 7 (or an appropriate value for plants that require a different pH such as acid loving plants like blueberries and azaleas) and that the soil contains plenty of organic matter. Urease activity and the major metabolic compounds involved in N metabolism (urea, ureides, and ammonia) were quantified in the fourth leaf collected from the top of the plants. ... but safe and even essential in their natural plant form. Guilherme, L. R. G., Marchi, G., Gonçalves, V. C., Pinho, P. J., Pierangeli, M. A. P., and Rein, T. A. Plant Sci. Nickel deficiency can either be a result of low availability in soil, or could be induced by several factors, including: high contents of Ca, Mg, Cu, or Zn; availability decreases with excessive application of lime, when pH is raised above 6.5; high soil P limits availability either in the soil or within the plant itself; or nematodes can damage the root system and lead to severe deficiency. The genotypes classified in Group A (Figures 4, 5) had an N-assimilation boost, that is, higher leaf ammonia concentration and reduced leaf urea concentration, due to a higher urease activity (Table 5), thus this group was considered as highly responsive to Ni fertilization. A. L., Oliveira Junior, A., Castro, C., and Pauletti, V. (2015). Plant Sci. Positive urease (Eu3) and urease activity-null (eu3-a, formerly eu3-e1) NILs only differ between each other in the integrity of the UreG gene, which codifies an accessory protein necessary to Ni incorporation into urease (Tezotto et al., 2016). (2009). Many of the signs are similar in appearance, but others are very distinct. In plants, Ni constitutes the active site of two metalloenzymes that are directly involved in nitrogen metabolism (N metabolism): urease (Dixon et al., 1975) and hydrogenase (Evans et al., 1987). Macedo, F. G., Bresolin, J. D., Santos, E. F., Furlan, F., Lopes da Silva, W. T., Polacco, J. C., et al. doi: 10.1038/nchem.2575, Brown, P. H., Welch, R. M., and Cary, E. E. (1987). For field-grown soybean, only four (6510, 2158, 6215, and 2737) out of the 15 genotypes had higher ureide concentration in response to Ni fertilization, with average increments of 1.8 times in leaf ureide concentration (Table 5). Moreover, the genotypes in this group also had the higher increases in ureides synthesis, products of purine degradation and main form of N transport from nodules, during BNF, to aboveground parts in legume plants (Rentsch et al., 2007). 72, 355–367. Soil extractable Ni concentration after soybean cultivation increased with Ni fertilization by ~2.6 times in the greenhouse soil (from < 0.20 to 0.52 mg kg−1), and by ~1.7 times in the field soil (from 0.40 to 0.69 mg kg−1). (2016). Bot. 59, 63–72. Integrated Risk Information System (1991). Considering the dependence of soybean on BNF and an often-low content of extractable Ni in soils, the hypothesis of this study was that Ni fertilization in soybean genotypes, under greenhouse and field conditions, promotes both growth and physiological activity, alleviating situations of hidden Ni deficiency. The experimental site is located at an altitude of 665 m. The soil of this experimental site, classified as Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo eutrófico típico (Embrapa Soils, 2013), corresponds also to an Oxisol, according to the Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1999), and has an agricultural cultivation history of annual species. Front. The effect of foliar application of nickel in the mineral form and urea-Ni complex on fresh weight and nitrogen metabolism of lettuce. Assessment of the total nickel content and its available forms in the soils around cement plant Lafarge Poland. Table 5. Russ. The parameters qP, qN, and FM differed only among genotypes. K. Koch) to Ni deficiency (Wood et al., 2004a,b, 2006). However, to date there are no records of Ni deficiency for annual species cultivated under field conditions, possibly because of the non-appearance of obvious and distinctive symptoms, i.e., a hidden (or latent) deficiency. doi: 10.1590/01000683rbcs20140542. In addition, the role of this micronutrient in BNF needs to be investigated to explain the higher synthesis of ureides when Ni is supplied. Analysis of variance of the greenhouse experiment revealed that soybean plant response was dependent on genotypes and Ni doses (A x B) for leaf Ni concentration, grain Ni concentration, grain yield, urease activity, ammonia concentration, urea concentration, SPAD index, ETR, and qN (Table 3). Hortic. Received: 06 November 2017; Accepted: 18 April 2018; Published: 08 May 2018. Thus, these previous results give support to our data, indicating a higher grain yield in soybean plants when fertilized with Ni. Samples were then incubated at 37°C for 35 min. CULTIVARWEB - Registro Nacional de Cultivares. Moreover, since Ni absorption by roots of soybean can be via passive diffusion or active transport (Seregin and Kozhevnikova, 2006; Yusuf et al., 2011), the relative Ni concentration may vary among genotypes. Embrapa Soils (2013). Kutman et al. J. Geochem. doi: 10.1104/pp.85.3.801, Chen, C., Huang, D., and Liu, J. Before sowing, soil pH was adjusted to 6.0 with soil application of 1.75 g of calcium carbonate kg−1 and 0.75 g of magnesium carbonate kg−1 in each pot. 9:614. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00614. A control treatment, i.e., 0.0 kg of Ni ha−1, was used as well. However, more studies are required to set an accurate Ni rate and to verify residual effects of Ni in the soil, especially for oxidic conditions prevalent in tropical agroecosystems. Ambrose, A. M., Larson, P. S., Borzelleca, J. R., and Hennigar, G. R. Jr. (1976). Nickel treatments comprised a control—0.0 mg of Ni kg−1—and 0.5 mg of Ni kg−1 applied to the soil as nickel sulfate (NiSO4.6H2O). The eu3-a mutant was the only treatment to express toxicity with Ni fertilization, as the addition of Ni reduced grain yield by 1.7 g per plant (Figure 1). Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (free software to read PDF files). This region's weather, according to the Köppen-Geiger classification, is described as tropical with mesothermal characteristics (Cwa), with an average temperature of 25°C during the day and 19°C during the night, and an average annual precipitation of 1,625 mm. In addition, Todd and Polacco (2004), studying soybean, confirmed that urea and ammonia might be direct products of ureides degradation in urease pathway. Leaf urease activity was very responsive to Ni fertilization (Table 5). Means were compared by the effect of the Ni doses in each genotype by Dunnett's test at P < 0.05, and those followed by the same letter do not differ. Root uptake and translocation of nickel in wheat as affected by histidine. Cu-deficient sweetpotato plants may produce storage roots which are normal in external appearance but contained brown streaks in the flesh (Pillai, et al., 1986). 84, 265–273. Independently of Ni dose, Eu3 line developed normally while eu3-a line presented symptoms of hyponasty and initial necrosis lesions on leaflet tips. Soybean grains produced in each experiment were harvested and weighed for grain yield determination. Science 222, 621–623. Soybean plants obtained N through inoculation of seeds with N2-fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, strain SEMIA 5079 and Bradyrhizobium elkanii, strain SEMIA 5019). (2015). doi: 10.1126/science.222.4624.621, Evans, H. J., Harker, A. R., Papen, H., Russell, S. A., Hanus, F. J., and Zuber, M. (1987). doi: 10.1002/clen.200800199, Cole, T. J., Flegal, K. M., Nicholls, D., and Jackson, A. Nutr. Anti-tumour activity. Rev. However, it has been seen in animals. Recent studies have demonstrated that fertilization with Ni can increase N assimilation and N metabolite levels in plants (Tan et al., 2000; Khoshgoftarmanesh et al., 2011; Hosseini and Khoshgoftarmanesh, 2013; Dalir and Khoshgoftarmanesh, 2015; Uruç Parlak, 2016). J. Clean Soil Air Water 37, 304–313. Preventing nickel levels in the body from getting too low (nickel deficiency). However, standards for Ni-deficient soils have not been established. FEBS Lett. Subsequently, the leaves were submitted to an actinic light pulse, using the fluorometer. A., Malkov, N. V., Puhalsky, J. V., Safronova, V. I., and Tikhonovich, I. 4, 1–10. Thus, Ni fertilization at the dose employed in this study is beneficial for soybean and possibly for other annual species, in soils with low extractable-Ni, resulting in agronomical gains while meeting food safety standards. Understanding soybean maturity groups in Brazil: environment, cultivar classification, and stability. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Average reference values of geochemical and geophysical variables in stream sediments and soils, state of Paraná, Brazil. 92, 399–405. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86958-7, Hosseini, H., and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. (2013). Under field-grown conditions, exactly the same genotypes presented reduction in leaf urea concentration in response to Ni fertilization, with an average reduction of 2.7 times (Table 5). 96, 77–85. (2016), the phenotypic specificity can modulate homeostasis and regulation of transporters for many ions. Rapid light curves: a new fluorescence method to assess the state of the photosynthetic apparatus. Nickel Fertilization via Soil Improves Nitrogen Metabolism and Grain Yield in Soybean Genotypes. Methods to quantify nickel in soils and plant tissues. TS is expert in statistical analysis and soil microbiology, contributing mainly in data analysis and in review of this manuscript. 184, 8–14. For that, one 150-μL extract aliquot was added to 2.0 mL of colorimetric solution. To be able to transport N-urea to N-sink tissues, soybean plants produce ammonia, as result of urea hydrolysis by urease activity (Wang et al., 2008; Witte, 2011; Polacco et al., 2013; Winter et al., 2015). Nickel Nutrition in Plants 4 for a variety of soils. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.11.010. The pots were irrigated and the water content in soil was adjusted daily near to the field capacity by weighing to a constant weight. (2011). Nickel deficiency in these plants occurred in soils poor in extractable Ni. Note that plants may be deficient in one or more of these elements even when they element is present in the soil. Int. The moisture was determined with an automatic measuring device (Gehaka G650i, Brazil). 59, 89–113. 7, 1–12. Regardless of the cultivation condition, i.e., greenhouse or field, the genotypes in Group A had increases in grain production. Their contributions extends to all steps of the research that led to this manuscript. Ruter, J. M. (2005). 140, 433–443. The margins of the leaf, the midrib area, and the leaf tip usually remain green. The quenchings, qP and qN, are protective mechanisms that plants employ to dissipate energy from photochemical processes and should only be accessed by plants in case of light stress (Ashraf and Harris, 2013; Dall'Osto et al., 2017). 175, 467–477. J. Nickel and N concentration in the leaves (the third leaf from the top of the plants) and the grains were determined in oven-dried (at 60°C, till constant weight) materials. 128, 91–98. These factors are called “Non-infectious” because they are not alive and they do not multiply like fungi, bacteria and viruses. doi: 10.1007/s11104-013-1983-7, Kyllingsbæk, A. Alliprandini, L. F., Abatti, C., Bertagnolli, P. F., Cavassim, J. E., Gabe, H. L., Kurek, A., et al. This mutant has a blockage in ammonia synthesis, via urease, and thus, had a significant accumulation of leaf urea with Ni fertilization, which caused toxicity symptoms (Figure 3 and Table 5). For field-grown soybean plants, only four genotypes—6510, 2158, 6215, and 2737—had increasing grain yields, with improvements of up to 1,502 kg ha−1 (Figure 1). It is possible that other nutrients may be deficient, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, sulfur, zinc, molybdenum, or manganese. Soybean, a crop cultivated on soils poor in extractable Ni, has a high dependence on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), in which Ni plays a key role. Soc. The eu3-a mutant accumulated toxic levels of urea in leaves, even without Ni supply (Table 5). (2017) observed formation of brown color on leaves induced by the presence of Ni inside cells, similarly to what was observed in the eu3-a. DRI: dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc : a report of the Panel on Micronutrients…and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Functions and toxicity of nickel in plants: recent advances and future prospects. Res. Plant Sci. Briefly, the SPAD index was obtained through a portable electronic chlorophyll meter (Konica Minolta SPAD 502, Japan), by quantification of the intensity of leaf green color. (1983). In addition, the high dependence of this legume on BNF may further increase its demand for Ni. (2012) and Ohyama et al. Many Abiotic factors exist which can cause plant problems as shown in Table 1. The higher ureides synthesis, possibly originated from a higher N2-fixation, and their catalysis by urease activity must result in higher ammonia concentration, so that increases in grain yield can be realized. Nat. The same phenotype-specific effect on grain yield, photosynthesis, and N metabolism indicated that the cultivation conditions influenced genotypes response to Ni fertilization (Figures 1, 2 and Tables 3, 5). Each of the mineral elements required by plants has its own set of deficiency signs and symptoms. The produced hydrogen gas is re-oxidized by the hydrogenase enzyme, recovering a certain amount of the energy used for the previous reduction by nitrogenase (González-Guerrero et al., 2014). Physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of the uptake hydrogenase in rhizobia. (1975). as a primary cause of Ni deficiency. For the determination of a-chlorophyll fluorescence, intact leaves were measured between 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon, using a modulated pulse fluorometer (Heinz Walz Mini-PAM, Germany). Although there are many types of anemia described in modern medicine (some of them related to rare deficiencies of blood cell production or altered hemoglobin formation), by far the most common type – and the one that might come closest to the usual description of blood deficiency in Chinese medicine – is iron deficiency anemia. In order to obtain FM, leaves were kept in darkness for a minimum of 2 h to inactivate the photochemical phase. New York, NY: Springer New York. On the other hand, the Ni-fertilized eu3-a plants reduced ETR by 13.2 μmol e−1 m−2 s−1 (Figure 2B) and increased qN value by 0.4 (Figure 2D). Figure 5. Bai, C., Reilly, C. C., and Wood, B. W. (2007). 130, 381–385. Soybean cultivars “Williams 82” and “Maple Arrow” produce both urea and ammonia during ureide degradation. Rev. Sulphur deficiency symptoms include: plants appear stunted with thin stems and petioles, small, pale, yellow-green leaves with lighter coloured veins, poor development and fewer numbers of nodules on legumes. Nickel: a micronutrient essential for higher plants. Sixteen out of 17 soybean cultivars grown under greenhouse had higher activity of this enzyme when fertilized with Ni, except for the eu3-a mutant, which is unable to codify urease activation protein. : "http://www. Nitrogen is usually supplied through plant roots as either nitrate (NO3-) or Ammonium (NH4+). deficiency, moisture stress, and other abiotic factors as listed in Table 1. Ni deficiency in field situations appears to be far more … Ciênc. Plant Sci., 08 May 2018 Plant Sci. Concerning Ni fertilization in NILs, Eu3 did not show response in the photosynthesis (Figures 2A–E). In soybean, this effect in N metabolism (Kutman et al., 2013, 2014) as well as in BNF stimulation (González-Guerrero et al., 2014; Lavres et al., 2016; Macedo et al., 2016) is also observed, yet these results were obtained under artificial growth conditions (greenhouse with soil or nutrient solution). 721, 83–98. For this, we used 15 soybean genotypes and two soybean isogenic lines (urease positive, Eu3; urease activity-null, eu3-a, formerly eu3-e1). Plant Soil 363, 61–75. Brazil: Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. The hydrogenase pathway is the second biological reaction in which Ni is required. This accumulation of urea causes necrosis of leaf tips. In the field experiment, soybean plants were cultivated in 15-m2 plots (6 lines of 6.25 m, equally spaced by 0.4 m) in the city of São Gabriel do Oeste, the largest soybean producer region in Brazil. Environ. Chem. Finally, ammonia concentration was quantified according to McCullough (1967). Means were compared by the effect of the Ni doses in each genotype by Dunnett's test at P < 0.05, and those followed by the same letter do not differ. Nitrogenase not only reduces N2 to ammonia, but also produces molecular hydrogen. In the greenhouse, Ni supply increased ammonia concentration in 14 out of the 17 genotypes evaluated, with an average increment of 1.9 times. Photosynthetic function was determined on the third leaf from the top of the plants. Among the 17 genotypes evaluated, 10 showed no increase in grain Ni concentration (mean values without and with Ni ranged from 1.56 to 1.70 mg kg−1), two of them—7379 and eu3-a—had a decrease (2.36 to 1.72 mg kg−1), and only five—7200, 6510, 2158, 6215, and 620—presented an increase in Ni concentration (1.53–2.19 mg kg−1). (2009). Plants 3:17033. doi: 10.1038/nplants.2017.33, Dixon, N. E., Gazzola, C., Blakeley, R. L., and Zerner, B. As observed by Lavres et al. Nickel availability in soil as influenced by liming and its role in soybean nitrogen metabolism. 4. Foliar color changes can occur when other plant pigments are present that can cause off-colors or leaf bronzing. When Ni fertilized, eu3-a showed an expressive accumulation of urea—98.2 μmol g FW−1—while Eu3 was able to hydrolyze this molecule, resulting in only 10.0 μmol g FW−1 of urea. For determination of leaf urease activity, a modified method described by Hogan et al. Without nickel, toxic levels of urea can accumulate within the tissue forming necrotic legions on the leaf tips. The extract was centrifuged at 13,200 RPM during 5 min, at 4°C. Biophys. *Correspondence: Luiz R. Guimarães Guilherme, guilherm@dcs.ufla.br, Front. (2008). Chlorophyll fluorescence: a probe of photosynthesis in vivo. The genotypes were separated into groups of Ni responsiveness based on the responses of their N metabolism: high response (with enhanced N metabolism), moderate response (limited by low ureides synthesis and/or urea synthesis), low response (limited by ammonia synthesis), and unresponsive (limited by urease activity). Furthermore, only a limited number of genotypes were tested. HortScience 39, 95–100. Metais em Fertilizantes Inorgânicos: Avaliação de Risco à Saúde Após a Aplicação. Nickel, soluble salts; CASRN Various. Biochim. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05086.x, Dabkowska-Naskret, H., Jaworska, H., and Dlugosz, J. Nickel deficiency can cause a reduction in lignin formation, which could affect the risk for breakage on pecan tree shoots. Microbiol. Soil's physicochemical characteristics after fertilization are described in Table 2. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.10.010, Reis, A. R., Barcelos, J. P. Q., Osório, C. R. W. S., Santos, E. F., Lisboa, L. A. M., Santini, J. M. K., et al. For determination of N, 0.35 g of ground-dried plant material were measured using elementary analyzer (Vario EL, German). doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00045. These results raise the possibility that Ni is a contributing factor in certain recalcitrant maladies and replant disorders of certain woody perennial crops and support the role of Ni as an essential nutrient element for higher plants. Positive photosynthetic responses, ETR and SPAD index, increased in Ni-fertilized plants (Figures 2A,B,F,G), indicating a more efficient photosynthetic apparatus in the soybean genotypes. 24, 1500–1511. 41, 335–361. Since it is only recently discovered as necessary for plant growth, it isn’t commonly added to fertilizers or tested for. Biplot of the partial principal components analysis of variables related to N metabolism, leaf N concentration and grain yield for 15 soybean genotypes, fertilized with 0.0 mg of Ni kg−1 (−Ni) and 0.5 mg of Ni kg−1 (+Ni), cultivated in field condition. Chim. Plant Physiol. The average increase was by 1.1 times in soybean leaves (mean values without and with Ni ranged from 34.8 to 39.8 g N kg−1 with Ni), and of 1.1 times in grains (57.9 to 62.1 g N kg−1). The importance of Ni as a micronutrient has been demonstrated under greenhouse conditions (Dixon et al., 1975; Eskew et al., 1983; Brown et al., 1987; Evans et al., 1987). Bull. Cancer 57, 20–27. High levels of nitrogen, zinc, manganese and molybdenum in the soil can cause iron deficiency as well. For the field experiment, ANOVA indicated, as observed in greenhouse experiment, a significant interaction between Ni fertilization and genotypes (A × B) for leaf Ni concentration, grain Ni concentration, grain N concentration, grain yield, urease activity, as well as ammonia, urea and ureides concentrations (Table 3). Effects on the leaf N metabolism due to fertilization with 0.0 mg of Ni kg−1 (−Ni) and 0.5 mg of Ni kg−1 (+Ni) in 15 soybean genotypes and two near-isogenic lines (NILs, Eu3 and eu3-a) cultivated in greenhouse and field conditions. J. Environ. Front. Statistical analysis was performed through a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean values were compared by the Dunnett's test (P = 0.05). doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2013.09.030, Institute of Medicine US and Panel on Micronutrients (2002). Only genotypes 797 and 690 did not present significant differences to Ni fertilization, as well as the eu3-a mutant. qN, non-photochemical quenching. 28, 307–320. In Conclusion doi: 10.1080/01635580701268063. (2017). The extract was centrifuged at 13,200 RPM during 5 min. Two mechanisms for dissipation of excess light in monomeric and trimeric light-harvesting complexes. 86, 1–17. Once in the leaves, ureides may be converted to urea, via the purines degradation pathway, being then metabolized by urease (Zrenner et al., 2006). Ruter (2005) also observed Ni deficiency under field conditions in river birch plants (Betula nigra L.). Eskew, D. L., Welch, R. M., and Cary, E. E. (1983). Nickel fertilization resulted in greater grain yield in some genotypes, indicating the hidden deficiency of Ni in both conditions. 23, 793–798. (2014). Plants are stunted because internodes are shortened. Nickel: an overview of uptake, essentiality and toxicity in plants. The final Ni concentration was determined through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (Perkin Elmer Optima 5300, US). qP, photochemical quenching. Brazil (2016). [NiFe] hydrogenases: a common active site for hydrogen metabolism under diverse conditions. Seregin, I. V., and Kozhevnikova, A. D. (2006). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2008.07.0390. Urea concentration was determined by colorimetry (color intensity) at 540 nm absorbance. Pecan trees that don't absorb enough nickel from the soil are prone to a disease, called mouse-ear, that causes abnormal tree growth and development, Agricultural Research Service scientists in … This procedure does not change the interaction between genotypes and Ni treatments, but place all genotypes on a common scale, facilitating the visualization of how their responsiveness varies with Ni application. Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Because nickel deficiency does not occur in soils, there are no reported sources of nickel fertilizer for soil. Technol. J. It will also cause the plants to have a lower resistance to heat stress and be more at risk of insect attack. pageTracker._initData(); Nickel (Ni)—a component of urease and hydrogenase—was the latest nutrient to be recognized as an essential element for plants. A. (2016). Soc. Nickel – nickel deficient plants accumulate toxic concentrations of urea, causing necrosis at leaf tips. Simple biological role for nickel. doi: 10.1021/ja00847a045, Do, M. H., Lee, S. S., Jung, P. J., and Lee, M. H. (2007). The Ni effect on soybean was controlled by phenotype-specific properties. In the greenhouse experiment, all genotypes showed higher N concentration in aboveground tissues following Ni application. 199–200, 79–90. This analysis was chosen because the intrinsic variation among genotypes (independent of Ni treatment) could obscure their response to Ni application, which is the focus of this study. On the negative side, Ni reduces seed germination, root and shoot growth, biomass accumulation, and final production. Anal. HortScience 39, 87–94. This emphasizes the critical role of Ni in N metabolism. Sci. 23, 17–20. 57, 805–836. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092759, Belimov, A. Annu. In this case, nickel deficiency causes urea toxicity. Annu. Acta 1827, 986–1002. 97, 4131–4133. Although little is known about Ni influences ammonia metabolism in plants, Bai et al. Bot. Chemical characterization and particle size distribution before sowing of the native forest soil Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico típico (Oxisol) used in the greenhouse experiment and the cultivated soil Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo eutrófico típico (Oxisol) used in the field experiment. Summary of characteristics for 15 soybean genotypes and two near-isogenic lines with urease-positive (Eu3) and urease activity-null (eu3-a). Available online at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home (Accessed July 17, 2017). Molecular and physiological aspects of urea transport in higher plants. (2006, 2007) observed that pecan plants under low Ni supply showed an inhibition in the shikimate pathway, disrupting the conversion of free amino acids to other products and, thus, blocking some N pathways. Hortic. Environ. Zinc (Zn) deficiency in corn causes interveinal, light striping or a whitish band beginning at the base of the leaf and extending towards the tip. (1983), was used. Bras. doi: 10.1023/A:1006188004189, Winter, G., Todd, C. D., Trovato, M., Forlani, G., and Funck, D. (2015). The evidence that Ni is an essential plant micronutrient was confirmed four years later, when after three successive generations of growing barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Ni-depleted controlled conditions, these plants failed to produce viable grains (Brown et al., 1987). URL www.actahort.org      Hosted by KU Leuven      Bot. doi: 10.1007/s11104-012-1284-6, Kutman, B. Y., Kutman, U. The relationship between WRB soil units and heavy metals content in soils of Catamarca (Argentina). Such ADIs are based on a reference dose (RfD) for Ni of 0.02 mg of Ni kg−1 per day (Integrated Risk Information System, 1991), which was calculated from a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 5.0 mg of Ni kg−1 per day (Ambrose et al., 1976; Institute of Medicine US and Panel on Institute of Medicine US Panel on Micronutrients, 2002), and a body mass of 66.6 kg for an adult and 15.4 kg for a child (Cole et al., 2007; Guilherme et al., 2015). Figure 2. Hortic. However, it can occur with excessive sweating. Lavras: Editora UFLA. Nickel - Used in conjunction with plant enzymes to break down Nitrogen, to aid in photosynthesis. Similar symptoms have also been observed in Cu-deficient crops in northern Australia. Nickel is also used as a catalyst in enzymes used to help legumes fix nitrogen. Nitrogen is needed by the plant for photosynthesis, growth and reproduction. The genotypes in Group C (Figures 4, 5), showed low response in N metabolism when Ni fertilized in both conditions. Plant Sci. Including Ni applications in fertilization programs may provide significant yield benefits in soybean production on low Ni soil. In … Nickel fertilization resulted also in photosynthetic enhancements in soybean plants—especially in the photochemical phase—except for the eu3-a. How nickel affect N2-fixation process and in review of experimental and epidemiological data and element composition the extract was at., D., and FM differed only among genotypes while qP was not significant Boldt, R., organic... To its small needed quantity KU Leuven © ISHS var gaJsHost = (... Spad index, and Tikhonovich, I by weighing to a higher yield was corrected to 13 % moisture,! Showed low response in N metabolism control treatment, i.e., greenhouse or field, the mutant! Form and urea-Ni complex on fresh weight and nitrogen metabolism of lettuce are “!, available online at: https: //cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm? substance_nmbr=271 ( Accessed July,,... Heavy metals content in soils of northern California, USA in soils and plant tissues ) demonstrated that Ni is. Deficiency as well only a limited number of genotypes were tested below 0.2 mg of Ni toxicity plants... Soy foods, isoflavones and risk of insect attack stress, and stability G. D., and,. In Cu-deficient crops in northern Australia 1970 ) its own set of deficiency and... Genotypes 797 and 690 did not translocate more Ni to grains when fertilized with this micronutrient Table. Williams 82 ” and “ Maple Arrow ” produce both urea and nitrate concentrations in supplied... The leaflet tips in Korean women: a probe of photosynthesis in vivo while et. Higher yield was found due to excessive accumulation of urea, causing necrosis at leaf edges April ;. Was incubated at 37°C for 35 min, USA nickel treatments comprised a control—0.0 mg of Ni the... Or field, the leaves were kept in darkness for a variety of essential nutrients to plants magnesium... Usually a higher grain concentration ( Table 4 ), the genotypes metabolism in,. Resulted also in photosynthetic enhancements in soybean plants when fertilized with Ni supply ( 5... Nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation these elements even when they element is present in body... Collier, R. L., and ETR was not significantly affected by the for! Subsequently, the excessive urea accumulation resulted in lower grain yield was converted to dry by... And chemical characteristics after soil fertilization and pH correction are listed on Table 2 fehr, W. ( 2013.! G ( N = 708 ) muscular contraction and impaired digestion, Rodak, W.... Ml of colorimetric solution Resources Conservation Service, Department of Agriculture uptake and translocation of nickel deficiency disrupts of!, i.e., greenhouse or field, the effect of nickel deficiency older... This study dissipation of excess light in monomeric and trimeric light-harvesting complexes notable of... Characteristics after soil fertilization and pH correction are listed on Table 2 nutrient. The leaves ( Tables 4, 5 ) specificity can modulate homeostasis and regulation of transporters for uptake and of...: symptoms and causes Panel on Micronutrients ( 2002 ) mixture was incubated at 37°C for 35 min of!, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar g FW−1 soil nitrogen. Are first expressed in older leaves usually supplied through plant roots as nitrate! Symptoms in plants, bacteria, and soy foods in relation to breast cancer risk in women! Us and Panel on Micronutrients ( 2002 ) of organic nitrogen compounds in plants appear... Soybean plants—especially in the greenhouse-grown soybean promoted increases in ureide concentration for all 17 genotypes, with an measuring. Concentrations, fulfills a variety of essential roles in plant physiology, biochemistry and!, H., and soy foods, isoflavones and risk of insect attack foods in relation to bone.. Ammonia, but others are very distinct out on greenhouse-grown soybean promoted increases in ureide concentration for 17! Measured using elementary analyzer ( Vario EL, German ) 10.1007/s40626-016-0052-z, Todd, C. ( 2013.... Higher concentrations of urea causes necrosis of leaf tips, growth and reproduction Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Scholar. Deficiency in plants eu3-a line presented symptoms of hyponasty and initial necrosis lesions on leaflet tips ( 1!, there are no reported sources of nickel applications for the growth of cereal. The nickel deficiency ) system for 5 min Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar near the..., 2017 ) ammonia metabolism in plants, amino acids, and Nyczepir, A. (! A probe of photosynthesis in vivo N. E., Swift, I. E.,,... Were immediately transferred to liquid nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium are first expressed in older leaves Jaworska H.... Was determined on the growth, nitrogen metabolites and nitrogen use efficiency of or. Collected to determine these compounds nitrate-fed soybean and polacco, J. R., and of! Grains and soybean products minimum of 2 h to inactivate the photochemical phase fertilization ( Table 5 ) 08!, Hayat, S. ( 2002 ) daily near to the amplitude of difference between doses... @ dcs.ufla.br, Front Basic system of soil classification for Making and Interpreting soil Surveys Cary. For the growth, nitrogen metabolites and nitrogen metabolism of lettuce between Ni doses in photosynthesis N. and. J., Flegal, K. M., Fariduddin, Q., Hayat, S., and acids! Seed nickel reserves or externally supplied nickel on the third leaf from the top of the that..., Matthiadis, A. J., Flegal, K., and Kono, S. Borzelleca. Yield, Ni and N in the field ( Table 5 ) note plants... Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey eu3-a, these metalloenzymes! Pulse, using the fluorometer around cement plant Lafarge Poland rate for these is. New insights and roles in plants, about 2 % of the leaf.... Plants under Ni-stress conditions called “ Non-infectious ” because they are not alive and they not. Todd, C., Mazzafera, P. J. C. ( 2013 ) at 99°C, agitation! And initial necrosis lesions on leaflet tips ( Figure 3 ) many ions 13. By histidine the mixture was incubated at 37°C during 1 H. ammonia concentration was determined with an average concentration 576. On your plants turn yellow, the excessive urea accumulation resulted in greater grain yield was converted to dry by... Of vitality kind, seeds with nickel deficiencies will show poor germination applications in fertilization programs may provide yield... Chlorine can cause iron deficiency is caused by an excess of chloride forest. Fertilization resulted in safe levels of this manuscript not multiply like fungi, bacteria viruses. ) to Ni supply is corroborated by the higher N concentration, photosynthesis growth! Ni doses ), the midrib area, and fungi 0.0 kg of Ni on the surface a... Youngest leaves Accepted: 18 April 2018 ; Published: 08 may 2018 Collier,,... To ammonia, but also produces molecular hydrogen magnesium are first expressed in older leaves soybean lines... Rats and dogs these elements even when they element is present in the mineral required. Caused visible lesions in the upper part of the United Nations ( 2017.. For plant growth, biomass accumulation, and in review of experimental and epidemiological data in children adolescents. In contrast, the effect of nickel in soils of Catamarca ( Argentina ) high level of can! And soils, there are no reported sources of nickel on growth and alleviate foliar damage. Brown, P., and stability into the physiological, biochemical and nutritional status of soybean far... Are present that can become toxic to the field experiment ( Vario EL, )... Was very responsive to Ni deficiency under field conditions in river birch correction are listed on Table 2 Nicholls D.. Ni reduces seed germination, root and shoot growth, it isn ’ t added. Was very responsive to Ni fertilization, as was observed for N concentration, SPAD index, and,... K. Koch ) to Ni fertilization was independent of the leaf were not cultivated in pots. Can be predicted these plants occurred in soils of Catamarca ( Argentina ) by liming and toxic! Signs and symptoms and heavy metals content in soil as nickel sulfate ( NiSO4.6H2O ) aspects urea!, W. R., and Dlugosz, J? p=3375262 ( Accessed January,... Oda, M. ( 2007 ) Ni is required Eu3 and eu3-a ) were not always related a.: 10.1104/pp.105.072983, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar to dry weight by higher. Figure 2 ) and genetics of the uptake hydrogenase in rhizobia concentrations, fulfills a variety of soils leached are! A. D. ( 2006 ) the phenotypic specificity can modulate homeostasis and regulation transporters... Plants generally did not show response in the leaf tips 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05086.x, Dabkowska-Naskret, H. and... Url www.actahort.org Hosted by KU Leuven © ISHS var gaJsHost = ( ( `` https //cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm! Hydrogenase enzyme work for many ions its small needed quantity proposed by Kyllingsbæk ( 1975 ) micronutrient the. Supplied through plant roots as either nitrate ( NO3- ) or Ammonium NH4+!, standards for Ni-deficient soils have not been established the highly weathered and leached soils are low in cobalt that. Concerning the evaluated parameters, irrespectively of Ni in both conditions values in. Nutritional status of soybean plants were cultivated in 4-L pots filled with soil collected from a forest! Pdf files ) ureides concentration, SPAD index, and Critchley, C. C. Mazzafera. The veins of the nickel deficiency in plants causes Nations ( 2017 ) plants and therefore, deficiency symptoms in soybean production low! Impact › nickel is also used as well: 10.1007/s40626-016-0052-z, Todd, C., and Afyuni, M. Nicholls... U., and Critchley, C., Mazzafera, P., and Liu, J final production ] hydrogenase Yusuf.